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<title>CHARA array</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">CHARA array</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="California" title="California">California</a>, Pacific States Region</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:34.22469,-118.05712"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°13′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°03′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.22469°N 118.05712°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.22469; -118.05712</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chara.gsu.edu/">www<wbr>.chara<wbr>.gsu<wbr>.edu</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1291884410">

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</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.615%;left:10.972%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CHARA array"></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of CHARA array</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CHARA_array" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:CHARA array">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>CHARA</b> (<b>Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy</b>) <b>array</b> is an <a href="Astronomical_optical_interferometry" title="Astronomical optical interferometry">optical interferometer</a>, located on <a href="Mount_Wilson_(California)" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a>, California. The array consists of six 1-metre (40 in) <a href="Telescopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Telescopes">telescopes</a> operating as an <a href="Astronomical_interferometer" title="Astronomical interferometer">astronomical interferometer</a>. Construction was completed in 2003. CHARA is owned by <a href="Georgia_State_University" title="Georgia State University">Georgia State University</a> (GSU).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functionality">Functionality</h2></div>

<p>CHARA's six telescopes each have a one-meter diameter mirror to reflect light. They are spread across Mount Wilson to increase the angular resolution of the array. Each of the six telescopes provides a different image, to combine it into one image the light from each telescope is transported through vacuum tubes and fed into a single beam, where they are matched up to within one micron. This process is called <a href="Interferometry" title="Interferometry">interferometry</a>, and allows the array to have the same resolving power as a telescope with a 330-meter mirror, and an angular resolution of 200 micro-arcseconds.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024 a 7th telescope was added to the array. This is a mobile telescope which can extend the resolving power of the array up to that of a telescope with approximately 600-meter mirror.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In 1984 CHARA was founded, and with financial support from the <a href="National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF), in 1985 planning for the array began. Construction for the array started on July 13, 1996, and with $6.3 million awarded to GSU by the NSF, and the same amount matched by GSU, going towards the effort. In July 1998, GSU was awarded another $1.5 million by W.M. Keck Foundation, which allowed for a sixth telescope to be added to the previously planned five. With a final gift of $574,000 from <a href="David_and_Lucile_Packard_Foundation" title="David and Lucile Packard Foundation">David and Lucile Packard Foundation</a>, the funding for the array was completed in October 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>After another five years of construction, the CHARA array was completed in 2003. In April of the same year, CHARA was awarded a 3-year grant to support scientific programs at the center, which was renewed in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 another grant from the NSF worth 3.6 million was given to the center.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Observatories throughout the world have come to CHARA to test beam combining technology.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discoveries">Discoveries</h2></div>

<p>On January 15, 2007, the diameter of an <a href="Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanet</a>, <a href="HD_189733_b" title="HD 189733 b">HD 189733 b</a>, was measured directly, using CHARA. This was achieved by using the observed angular diameter of the star that the planet orbited, and the already known distance of the star from Earth, to get the diameter of the star. With this they could calculate the diameter of the exoplanet when comparing its size to the star when it passed in front of it. This was the first time the diameter of an exoplanet was directly measured, and returned a value slightly different than that obtained from indirect, more conventional methods.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2013 CHARA was used to capture images showing the <a href="Starspot" title="Starspot">starspots</a> on <a href="Zeta_Andromedae" title="Zeta Andromedae">Zeta Andromedae</a>, a star 181 light years away. This was the first time that images of starspots on stars other than the Sun were taken.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>CHARA directly observed <a href="Binary_star" title="Binary star">binary stars</a>, such as <a href="Beta_Lyrae" title="Beta Lyrae">Beta Lyrae</a> and <a href="Algol" title="Algol">Algol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CHARA directly imaged multiple stars, such as <a href="Regulus" title="Regulus">Regulus</a>, <a href="Alpha_Ophiuchi" title="Alpha Ophiuchi">Rasalhague</a>, <a href="Altair" title="Altair">Altair</a>, <a href="Alpha_Cephei" title="Alpha Cephei">Alderamin</a> and <a href="Beta_Cassiopeiae" title="Beta Cassiopeiae">Beta Cassiopeiae</a> to measure the flattened shape of these rapidly rotating stars. Because the <a href="Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> is further from the center of the star, it will appear cooler than the poles, an effect called <a href="Gravity_darkening" title="Gravity darkening">gravity darkening</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The CHARA array can also resolve the <a href="Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">circumstellar disks</a> around <a href="Be_star" title="Be star">Be-stars</a> and measure the disk <a href="Precession" title="Precession">precession</a> variations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2022, the array was used to observe the disc of the hypergiant star <a href="RW_Cephei" title="RW Cephei">RW Cephei</a> during its ongoing dimming event.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div>

<p>CHARA holds annual science meetings where recent advancements in science and technologies relevant to the array are discussed. The center also gives access to the array to the astronomical community using the <a href="National_Optical_Astronomy_Observatory" title="National Optical Astronomy Observatory">National Optical Astronomy Observatory</a> peer review system for around 50 nights per year. They also have periodic community workshops.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

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</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Stars imaged by CHARA array</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="nochecker bordered-images whitebg gallery mw-gallery-traditional">

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Algol" title="Algol">Algol</a> A and B system</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="RW_Cephei" title="RW Cephei">RW Cephei</a> dimming and rebrightening</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Altair" title="Altair">Altair</a> with rotation axis illustrated</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a> surface image</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Rho_Cassiopeiae" title="Rho Cassiopeiae">Rho Cassiopeiae</a></div>

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</ul></div></div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Interferometry" title="Interferometry">Interferometry</a></li>

<li><a href="Mount_Wilson_(California)" title="Mount Wilson (California)">Mount Wilson</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_astronomical_interferometers_at_visible_and_infrared_wavelengths" title="List of astronomical interferometers at visible and infrared wavelengths">List of astronomical interferometers at visible and infrared wavelengths</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chara.gsu.edu/public">"About"</a>. <i>www.chara.gsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHand2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hand, Eric (2010-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F464820a">"Telescope arrays give fine view of stars"</a>. <i>Nature News</i>. <b>464</b> (7290): <span class="nowrap">820–</span>821. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.464..820H">2010Natur.464..820H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F464820a">10.1038/464820a</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20376117">20376117</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas J. Scott, Edgar R. Ligon III, Rainer Koehler, Narsireddy Anugu, Christopher Farrington, Gail Schaefer, Douglas Gies, Theo ten Brummelaar, Nils Turner, Craig Woods, Victor Castillo, Steve Golden, "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018516" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1117/12.3018516">CMAP: a mobile 7th telescope at the CHARA Array</a>," Proc. SPIE 13095, Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging IX, 130951U (28 August 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3018516</span>

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<li id="cite_note-:12-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaron" class="citation web cs1">Baron, Fabien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chara.gsu.edu/public/history">"History of CHARA"</a>. <i>www.chara.gsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-10/gsu-caa100316.php">"CHARA Array awarded $3.9 million to provide telescope access to scientists across the nation"</a>. <i>EurekAlert!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

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